Sociology - cultural deprivation - 1612 Words

Using material from Item A and elsewhere, asses the view that working-class children under-achieve because they are culturally deprived. Cultural Deprivation Theory is an explanation of working-class (WC) underachievement in society. Cultural deprivation is WC families lacking the same values as the middle-class (MC) families. This reflects on the WC children, who, according to cultural deprivation theorist, are under stimulated compared to MC children. WC children are less likely to succeed, because they are less likely to be found in nursery schools, less likely to go to university and more likely to be poor readers when they start school, more likely to be in lower sets and streams in secondary school, more likely to leave school†¦show more content†¦Because if your parents dont motivate you or if they are unable to help you with your homework, then you have no one besides yourself to count on and to motivate yourself. And very few people is capable of that, since it is an extremely big responsibility. On top of this, there is also so many things going on in school and when you are a teenager, that you nee d an adult to sometime take charge and encourage you to do your homework and be motivated in school. Other cultural deprivation theorists take this view, saying that the lack of parental interest in their children’s education reflects the subcultural - a group whose attitudes and values differs from the mainstream culture’s - values of the working class. So according to cultural deprivation theorists, the majority of the WC have different goals, beliefs, attitudes and values from the rest of society and the education system, and this is why their children fails. As Hyman says, the working class have a self imposed barrier against education. They accept that they cant get far, and hence they dont. Sugarman takes this view further, and introduces the four key features of the WC subculture that act as a barrier to educational achievement: - Fatalism. It is a belief in fate, meaning that whatever will be, will be. I think this is an extremelyShow MoreRelatedSociology : How Human Action And Consciousness Shape The Surrounding Of Cultural And Social Culture1734 Words   |  7 PagesZygmunt Bauman once said, â€Å"The task for sociology is to come to the help of the individual. We have to be in service of freedom. It is something we have lost sight of.† This quote means the main purpose of sociology is to help people with our freedom of service, because it is something we as people lost sight of. Sociology can be defined by Dictionary.com, as the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of socialRead MoreThe Impact of social class on education1908 Words   |  8 Pagesmaterial circumstances; sub-cultural attitudes and values and the school labelling processes just to mention a few. Sociologists tend to be critical of the IQ th eory for various reasons including the factors affecting how it is measured, so in this essay, I shall therefore concentrate upon the other more sociological approaches and exclude the IQ theory. The following list of key words were essential in my argument; different methods of attainment, gender, ethnicity, cultural deficits, social statusRead MoreSocioeconomic Factors and the Health of Individuals Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesusing social and economic factors that affect health and wellbeing ( Giddens and Sutton, 2013). Cockerham (2007 p75) argues: ‘Social class or socioeconomic status (SES) is the strongest predictor of health, disease causation and longevity in medical sociology.’ Research in the 1990s, (Drever and Whitehead, 1997) found out that people in higher SES are generally healthier, and live longer than those in lower SES. The biomedical model of health has been criticised because it fails to include the psychologicalRead More Socialization and Social Stratification Essay1927 Words   |  8 Pagesthe appropriate and accepted values, attitudes and behaviours of their society. Nevertheless, separate groups exist within societies for reasons including ethnicity, class and culture and these can bring their own set of ‘norms’. Bond and Bond in Sociology and Social Care (2009 pg28) states â€Å"From the cradle to the grave we are being socialised†. Primary socialisation occurs from infancy to early adulthood. Secondary socialisation follows into the later stages of maturity. Anticipatory socialisationRead MoreCollective Behavior And Their Theories Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior and their theories. Collective behavior according to Smelser is relatively spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a group of people who are reacting to a common influence in an ambiguous situation. Another definition given in the book Sociology: Comprehensive edition indicates that collective behavior refers to relatively unplanned and relatively unstructured behavior by large numbers of individuals acting with or being influenced by other individuals. The characteristics of collectiveRead MoreEssay on Poverty and Sociology1344 Words   |  6 Pages$11,139 for an individual and $22,314 for a family of four (Censky, 2011). In sociology, poverty can be defined using two terms – relative deprivation and absolute deprivation. Relative deprivation is a comparison between people and social class. With relative deprivation, people are considered poor if their standard of living is less than that of other members of society (Ferris Stein, 2008, 2010). Absolute deprivation is an objective measure o f poverty, whereby people are considered poor becauseRead MoreProject One with Film1613 Words   |  7 Pageswoman who lives by herself in the suburbs Men are _____ as likely as women to be the victim of a violent crime. twice three times four times five times none of the above Crime and deviance are functional when they affirm cultural norms and values. create social unity. improve the economy. none of the above all of the above _____ refers to a situation in which people are unsure of how to behave because of absent, conflicting, or confusing social Read MoreM382 Exam 1study Guide Essays1036 Words   |  5 PagesExam I Study Guide 1. Definition and focus of sport sociology. a. Sociology: interaction between groups and their inherent cultures b. Sport sociology: relationship between sport and society by examining its inherent institutions (race, genders†¦) i. â€Å"Sport is a microcosm of society. It mirrors our culture† (drugs, women, scandal) 2. Definition of the following terms: c. Socialization: The process of interacting with other people and learning social customsRead MoreSocial Disorganization Theory Stemmed from The Polish Peasant in Europe and America by W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki1322 Words   |  6 Pages Many of the theories and perspectives we have in criminology and sociology today have stemmed from the infamous sociology department, otherwise known as the â€Å"Chicago School†. Its emphasis on studying people and the natural interactions they have with their surroundings has led to the extensive examination of numerous neighbourhoods within Chicago. Social disorganization theory was one of the many theories that developed from this ecological thinking. It sought to identify the social problems thatRead MoreEvaluating the View that Poverty is Caused by Economic Inequality Rather than Cultural Attitudes and Lifestyles1327 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluating the View that Poverty is Caused by Economic Inequality Rather than Cultura l Attitudes and Lifestyles There is much debate in sociology that poverty is caused by structural factors such as economic inequality and those who state that it is caused by cultural factors such as attitudes, values and lifestyles. The first group say that the poor are made to be poor by the economic and political systems, they state that the poor are prevented from achieving a good standard

Womens Economic Role in Russia Essay - 1538 Words

Women in post-Communist Russia face violent crime, high unemployment, low wages and bear most of the responsibility for domestic duties. A colossal rate of alcoholism have given Russia one of the highest proportions of widows of any nation. The vast majority of Russian women must work full time to survive. They are also expected to do the bulk of the cooking, shopping, and childcare. Yet women earn, on average, only 40 percent as much as men and are three times as likely to be unemployed. Violent crime against women, including rape and spousal abuse, has also increased. Womens participation in paid labor outside the home was one of the defining features of economic life in the former Soviet Union. Levels of womens employment†¦show more content†¦According to data from R.F. Goskomstat, in 1992-1998 the number of employed dropped from 72 million to 63 million people, and the number of unemployed (according to the definition of the International Labor Organization) rose from 4 million to 9 million, but these values had been 65.1 million and 8.7 million people, respectively, as early as November of 1999. During a period of economic decline, the employment of women declined more quickly than the employment of men (19.3 and 17.9 percent over 1992-98), but the expansion that has begun has made it possible to increase the number of female employees to a greater extent, and the gain in employment among women has been twice that of men. Nevertheless, the number of unemployed women rose by a factor of 2.2, and men by 2.4, over this period. This is explained by the fact that when there is a decline in demand for labor power, some able-bodied citizens leave the economically active population. Many researchers regard this phenomenon as a latent form of unemployment (the discouraged), that it has specific gender features. Womens educational levels continue to exceed those of men. In 1995, 20.1 percent of employed women had higher education, compared to 17 percent of employed men. Approximately 69 percent of women, compared to 65.7 percent of men, hadShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization Expansion in Russia and Japan Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesresources in a state. Some nations industrialized a while after Great Britain and were falling behind. Two of these states were Russia and Japan. These countries experienced change in governments, economic power, and social structure as a result of industrialization. Yet, these states went through their industrializations in very different ways than each other. Russia, industrialized as a result of many peasant revolts. The revolts led to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861, they received landRead MoreThe Russian Revolution : A History From The University Of Akron Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesplace, creating a great deal of difficulty for scholars, like Clements, who were attempting to synthesize the narrative of Russian history. As an address for further study in this area of history, Clements extends her argument to promote the value of women’s experiences in order to urge on the new revelations such study might generate as further scholarly discourse continues to progress. The article opens with an overview of the pre-revolution peasant class and continues through the experiencesRead MoreThere Are Many Different Factors That Have Shaped And Contributed1531 Words   |  7 Pagesof peace and unity. Another factor that had contributed to the shaping of the Olympics was the increasing women’s rights. Social reforms increased over time and they affected the Olympic games. Document 2 and 8 express increasing women participation in the Olympics.Women were given more rights over time and women suffrage was expressed in the Olympics. Women gained more and more active roles in society. Document 8 shows how women competitors want to prove female’s ability in sports as well as everythingRead MoreTsar Nicholas Ii964 Words   |  4 PagesNicholas II as Tsar. A combination of long and short-term problems led to the decline and eventual fall of the Romanov dynasty. Tsar Nicholas II ignored these issues, staying true to his coronation vow to uphold Autocracy, and therefore played a critical role in the plummet of the Empire. A flaw in Tsar Nicholas II Autocratic style of ruling was his conflicting personality. He was a family orientated man, and they often took priority over ruling and looking after his country especially his son, AlexeiRead MoreKarl Marx and The Russian Revolution Essay example967 Words   |  4 Pagescontribution led to the creation of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which marked the beginnings of the Soviet Union. Lenin later became leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or USSR. While in power he implemented the â€Å"New Economic Policy† and oversaw major social reform. Joseph Stalin is notorious for being one of the most authoritative and brutal dictators ever. He was in power as the supreme ruler of the Soviet Union for twenty five years. Although he held a murderous reignRead MoreComparing Japan and Russias Response to industrialization before 1914.1519 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom infiltrating Russia. The French Plague was a gradual move towards freedom and a more influential say in government. Russia avoided the French Plague by a period of isolation and oppression of their people. Japan also had a long period of isolation. The Japanese believed in the Mandate of Heaven or that there culture was the best. Because of their ethnocentric culture, only one Japanese port, Nagasaki, was open to traders once a year. During the late 19th century, both Russia and Japan wereRead MoreWorld War I Was A New Kind Of War1290 Words   |  6 Pagesmissing. This changed the lives and roles of each gender, for good and bad. World War I changed the expectations and roles of men at home and on the battlefield. For women, professions, at home and on the frontlines, rights, social behavior, and cultural behavior changed permanently. World War I pressured men into viewing enlistment as a patriotic/nationalistic and masculine right of passage. In the late 19th century, men dominated public, political, and economic occupations. They were the breadwinnersRead MoreTo What Extent Do You Consider the Emancipation of Serfs 1861 to Be a Key Turning Point in the Development of Russian Government and Society Till 2000?1466 Words   |  6 Pagestill 2000? Many historians argue The Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861, to be a key turning point within Russian history. It drastically altered Russia’s economic, political and social stipulation. One could propose the argument that this event lead to the fall of communism in 1990, further more suggesting the extent to which this event affected Russia. Hence this is ‘perhaps the most defining moment in Russian history, with its impact being seen many years after the event itself’. Although historiansRead MoreSports As A Fundamental Aspect Of American Culture Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesand their values are significant when it comes to their effect on economics, politics, mass media, and public influence. Athletics attempts to help us understand the values and ethics that apply not only to athletes, but to an entire society. In American society sports holds a social significance and it influences almost every aspect of our lives. Athletics generate billions of dollars each year, thus causing a huge positive economic impact on the U.S. economy. Tons of that money comes from companiesRead MoreTruth s Speech About Women s Rights944 Words   |  4 PagesSojouner Truth’s speech about women’s rights at the First Annual Meeting of the American Equal Rights Association reminds us that our battle for equal rights has not ended yet. We have already fought for the rights for slaves and we won. Now before everything is settled, according to Sojouner, we should still keep them going until we free all the people in America. Women, the one half population in the United States, deserve to gain equal rights as men, for the same effort they have put into this

Factors of Learning Leadership Pedagogy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Factors of Learning Leadership Pedagogy. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is stated to be one of the important factors of learning that everybody needs to go through. It is something that according to me enhances a persons skill and quality and makes him understand what requires in being a true leader. It allows him to identify the traits that are important in being a leader. I was unaware of many facts related to leadership before I attended the lectures on the same. The common notion about leadership for me was to lead a team, command orders and rip the benefits of a skilled team. However, it is through the lectures in which I got to know that leadership is not only about leading a team but also his true ability in influencing them towards attaining a particular set of goals. There are so many sides to a leader and his ways of doing leadership, establishing relationship with others and getting the best out of them, even in adverse situations. The ways they initiate things, make choices and behave in specific manner are something that requires proper understanding of the ways leaders function. This was mainly about gaining an insight about the history of leadership and the ways it evolved over the years. I have seen so many films that depicted leadership during the times of the kings and the queens that use to illustrate the fact that leaders have always been the ones who lead from the from and are not hesitant in taking risks. I have also learnt that the potential leaders thrive under challenging situations where they get to showcase their skills and able to perform at their best level. I have heard people saying it is important to watch and learn, but then to watch and learn one should have the proper knowledge to understand exactly what is going on. This was probably the time I observed that I know so little about such a broad topic like leadership. Various forms of leadership and their styles, the way they function and the differences in the way they behave is something that amazed me. I even got to know the several aspects of the leadership that is significant in understanding the basics of leadership. We get to know so much about the different leaders existing in the world of business like Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Larry page of Google or for in that matter Howard Schultz of Starbucks. However, it is important to understand whether these leaders have been product-centric or people-centric. This is the time I was able to connect the leaders like Steve Jobs and Barack Obama whether them being transformational or transactional. It became easy for me to understand that Steve Jobs has been transformational for his passion to drive for perfection, challenging his employees in thinking beyond the normal thought. Bill gates, the computer tycoon and the billionaire philanthropist has been a transactional leader which I found out after understanding the different traits a transactional leader should have. He is influential, strict and a confrontational taskmaster driving a high-stress environment for work. I had one mis-concept about leadership that it is only possible when someone is holding a stronger position. However, through the lectures I got to reveal that leadership is not about any position but a fiduciary calling. Not everytime, it is the position that brings out the leadership qualities within you, but the zeal to do something good for others or the community at large is what identifies a true leader. Another thing that I misinterpreted is the fact that leadership takes place only hierarchically in the organization, which is not what it is actually. Big organizations have it at different levels. After coming to terms with the different styles and forms of leadership, I try and identify myself as the kind of leader I am or I could be in future. I understand the fact that communications, motivation along with accommodation are essential features of a leader and those leaders are being termed as transformational. My strengths generally leads to the intellectual leadership character and my apprehension for the people indicates towards a stronger transformational style of leadership. I have tried and reviewed my style of leadership in the school days. I was more of people who avoided conflict through the process of communicating with the others and tried understanding their objectives, issues and associate them accordingly with the goal of the team. For avoiding conflict on various occasions by the process of accommodation and compromise, I at times forfeited the job at hand along with the mission. Since the initiation of this program, I have tried and improve on my ability of re solving conflicts and not accommodating until the situation demands it. My own observation has been that I am being more effective in the charismatic style of leadership. From the time of initiation till the end, I have tried and maintained a balanced advancement in taking care of the task along with the people. I am capable enough in convincing people for completion of the task by the process of motivating them through the process of appeal and affinity. This course has enabled me to understand that learning does not stop at any point of time. It is through this course that I have learned that leaders need to be organized; they need to set bigger visions instead of small ones for a shorter period of time. During the initial days of being a leader, people tend to struggle with lack of confidence and the organizational skills. Another issue that crops up is keeping the daily plan focused on the task. During school days, I used to take my time for granted, not setting vision for my future purpose and thinking of doing too many things in a shorter period of time. Now I understand that is not the right way to go about things. I started realizing that being organized is the foremost thing that budding leaders should do. It is not all the time that I would be thinking like others, but there is a place for me too in the world. I have understood the fact that individuals are being motivated by several stimuli. Some are being motivated by the intrinsic requirements and some of the others by the extrinsic ones. My general belief has been that great leaders are in the habit of taking their time in intimately knowing his elements and learning the things that motivates each of his subordinates. During one of my surveys in one of the organization there was a role play where I was given the opportunity to be the leader and I asked all the employees the things that motivates them the most and keeps them driving for better results. The answers to my question were all different, though surprisingly no one mentioned about the factor of more money. There was one lady who was suffering from breast cancer, I was eager to know what actually motivates her in striving for regular perfection. I have always been amazed by the things we learn about ourselves at the time of making difficult decisions. During the course of this study, I have been learning a lot of things about leadership. For instance, I have constantly had the predisposition of taking firm control of a situation, however, I have not always been conscious of the way it might impact others. For example, when being assigned with a group project, I might jump in and take out the lions share. Some of the group members do welcome this as they have to take less burden, while others might feel offended and at times undervalued too. The reflection has helped me in making a mental note of self in backing off a bit when I sense the urge in taking over the projects. As a leader, I would always prefer to take a neat along with orderly advancement of solving issues. Even during group presentations and other team works, I take into account the strengths of various individuals and position them accordingly for them to perform optimally. I try and approach conflict with diplomacy and try to see changeable perspectives while trying to determine the conflict. Interacting with others is one of the important things that good leaders do from time to time. I too am focusing on this factor in solving the issues and respect the numerous perspectives that others have been bringing to association. Assertiveness is an attribute that I have liked from my school days, being direct with the individuals or the groups when the situation calls for insolence. Under the present circumstances, I am aware of the interconnectedness existing within the organizations and be predisposed in planning and thinking ahead in anticipating the issues and devise plans accordingly. During him internship, the employees I interacted with have told me that they have found it easy and comfortable in sharing things with me and that I have been a good listener, something a good leader needs to have. Irrespective of my position I tried to understand the issues they face at workplace. As I have grown up and become matured, I have become much detail oriented. I try and focus on details and be critical of the others work and indulge them in suggesting something if they find issues in mine too. During my younger days, it was sometimes very difficult to temper my thoughts and control my emotions and notice that I was being critical at times. Over the due course of time, I have worked conscientiously in overcoming the debilitation and have perceived big strides and developments. I have noticed that at times I become way too passionate about my work and if I am being criticized for something at that point of time, I take that too much to heart. For being able to gain the required perspective, I need to work diligently in taking criticism profitably and use it for my own benefit when it comes to certain projects that I am working on. And for the factor of being overly critical or complex at times, I have focused on working in taking criticism constructively and now I am much better at that than I was during my younger days. It can be concluded that I aspire to improve on a regular basis and never give up under any circumstances. The foundations of who I want to be as a leader has already been laid and the fundamentals are being positioned accordingly. The focus for me is to regularly fine tune my leadership skills and enhance it as per the industry standards. During the course of this study it was important to reflect on the things that I was coming to terms with, something that I knew and something which I was learning for the first time. Bibliography: Clarke, S. (2016). School leadership in turbulent times and the value of negative capability.Professional Development in Education Fairhurst, G. T., Connaughton, S. L. (2014). Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), 7-35. Glauser, M., Holland, D. (2016). The Leadership Traits Shared by Successful Entrepreneurs.Entrepreneur Innovation Exchange. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Nichols, A. L. (2016). What do people desire in their leaders? The effect of leadership experience on desired leadership traits.Leadership Organization Development Journal,37(5), 658-671. Patterson, E. (2015). What are leaders experiences of reflection?What leaders and leadership developers need to know from the findings of an exploratory research study.Reflective Practice,16(5), 636-651. Pendakur, V., Furr, S. C. (2016). Critical Leadership Pedagogy: Engaging Power, Identity, and Culture in Leadership Education for College Students of Color.New Directions for Higher Education,2016(174), 45-55. Ryan, J. C., Tipu, S. A. (2013). Leadership effects on innovation propensity: A two-factor full range leadership model.Journal of Business Research,66(10), 2116-2129.

The Olympic Games Essays - Panhellenic Games, Multi-sport Events

The Olympic Games The Olympic Games are a tradition of athletic events that take place every four years. They are a custom that was started many years ago, but are currently taken for granted. People from all over the world tune their televisions and radios to watch and listen to the events, but never question their existence. When were the Olympic games started? What was the first event? How did it grow? Where were the first games held? Why did they start? Did they have any political, social, or religious meanings? The games started about 3,500 years ago in the country of Greece. The first games were not called the Olympic games but the Classical games. They were held every four years as they are today. They were different from today's games, in that they were held at four different city-states. At each city-state, the games were given different names. They were the Olympic Games, held at Olympia; the Pythian Games at Delphi; the Nemean Games at Nemea; and the Isthmian Games at Corinth. These games later spread to over 150 cities as far as Rome, Naples, Odessus, Antioch, and Alexandria. Olympia still has records of its champions over 776 BC to AD 217. The champions of Olympia came from about a dozen cities in Greece, but mainly from Sparta and Athens. The first Olympic Games only consisted of one event. The first event was a stade won by Coroebus of Elis. A stade was a foot race of about 210 yards. Later, horse racing was added next followed by a long-distance race, wrestling, and the pentathlon. The first games held in Olympia were in honor of Zeus. The games, like all the Greek games, was an intrinsic part of a religious festival. Religion was the basis of a tradition that has out lasted time. All the games held in Greece were in the honor of one of their acknowledged gods. The first Olympic Games lasted only one day, but with the addition of events, the games were extended to four days of events and the fifth day was dedicated to a religious closing. All the events were competed in the total nude. This was to glorify the gods. It was a symbol of the perfect and pure body being offered to the god. Religion was a major part of the Greek culture. Thus, when games were held in tribute to gods they were well attended. Evidence proves that the games were grand celebration throughout Greece. There was even a sacred truce, or ekecheiria, that guaranteed athletes, officials, and spectators safe passage to Olympia. The carrying of the torch was a very religious event. It consisted of runners racing through the city attempting to lay a burning torch at the feet of the altar of the designated god. The winner was held with high regards. Religious ceremonies often followed the race. Even though the Olympic Games were held for religious reasons, most that we do not know, the torch race was never practiced during the games. The awards given to the athletes were far from expensive, but they were very honorable. The winner received crown of olive branches intertwined that was placed on the victors head. They were no ordinary olive branches, though, they were cut from the sacred olive tree. No one knows for sure where the tree was located, but many assume it was located in the coliseum. The coliseum was also designed to worship the gods. It contained a huge altar of Zeus at one end looking over everything. On his sides were small altars of less significant gods and goddess. Located in the middle of the track were many more gods and goddess with even less importance. So even the architectural work of the games had religious meanings inscribed in them. Even though the Olympics were founded on religion, like everything else, it changed to a matter of fame and fortune. The awards for the winners were initially more honorable than monetary. This, however, changed over the years. An athlete ran for the pride of his city-state, and in return the city-state took care of its winners. The games were financed and officiated by one man, usually a very wealthy individual. When one of the athletes from his city-state won he rewarded them with great wealth and fame. Other winners became jealous of the monetary awards. In return for their services, they demanded a ransom from their city-states when they were victorious. Some

The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies

The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies The labor environment and the specifics of the employees’ activities at their workplaces are changed significantly under the impact of globalization tendencies which can be discussed as characteristic features of the social and economic development in 21st century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several decades ago, the job of the majority of people was closely associated with that definite workplace where employees could perform their functions as professionals. Thus, the activity of the staff depended on the place where they worked. Today, the situation is often rather opposite to the traditional vision of the occupational activity associated with the certain workplace. Many people have the opportunity to work in the international or foreign companies without leaving their houses. The othe r persons can freely work in the foreign countries to perform effectively as professionals in the definite field. Modern technologies allow the public’s avoiding all the geographical boundaries at their way to the desired work. The distributed workforce influenced by the globalization processes and dependent of the technological progress is characteristic for the modern work environment, and it is significant for forming a new social identity based on the occupational identity. Today, it is typically to refer to the labor market as independent from any boundaries. This vision is the result of the globalization tendencies. Moreover, the globalization process is closely connected with the idea of multiculturalism according to which laborers as the representatives of different cultures and nationalities can work together to complete the project and present the definite result.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More If several years ago work was often discussed as geographically tied, today a lot of migrations are characteristic for the labor market. Furthermore, this statement is right both for the people’s migrations and for the distribution of work. According to Huws, â€Å"there has thus been a double uprooting- a movement of jobs to people and a movement of people to jobs† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 1). From this point, the mentioned situation created the conditions for the further accent on the distributed workforce as the characteristic feature of the modern labor environment. Huws pays attention to the fact that â€Å"the combination of technological change and globalization is bringing about fundamental changes in who does what work where, when, and how† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 1). That is why, it is important to concentrate not only on the trends of globalization but also on the technological progress as the trigger for the further changes in the field. The technological progress has affected the development of the concept of the distributed workforce significantly. Today, employers pay much attention to the workers’ skills and knowledge without references to their location because it is possible to perform effectively and complete the tasks with the help of many modern technologies and software, being in any part of the world. Thus, according to Huws, the contemporary labor market is divided into fixed jobs and footloose jobs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Huws accentuates that fixedness is the characteristic of the traditional approach to the organization of work, â€Å"fixedness is the need for physical proximity to a particular spot, because the job directly involves the m aking, mending, cleaning, or moving of physical goods or the delivery of real personal services to people in real time and real space† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 2). However, in the modern world, footloose jobs become more spread because of the potential flexibility of the workers. The accents are made on the quality of the work, but not on the location of the person who has completed it. Many researchers argue that the modern work environment where footloose jobs and the phenomenon of the distributed workforce are prevailing is oriented to employees with the developed IT skills in order to respond to the requirements of the market. Thus, ‘cyberworkers’ influence the social structures in cities based on the principles of employment and â€Å"they may become conduits for spreading the values and cultures of multinational corporations outward into their local communities and down the value chain into supplying companies† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or F ractured 7). However, the process of migrations and avoiding the occupational boundaries is also characteristic for people who do not work with communication technologies and do not have the developed IT skills. In this case, the general principle of transforming the labor market without references to the geographical boundaries works. In her article â€Å"The Making of a Cybertariat? Virtual Work in a Real World†, Huws states that â€Å"not all the new delocalized work involves technical software skills. In many developing countries there has also been a major growth in lower-skilled clerical work, such as data entry and typing, and in call-centre work† (Huws The Making of a Cybertariat 18). Thus, it is also important to focus on the correlation between the changes in the social structures in cities, in the notion of the social identity based on the concept of the occupational identity, in the public’s attitude toward fixed and footloose jobs as the requirement s of the modern development of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, it is possible to refer to the ideas that the real impact of globalization processes on the labor market is not as positive as the experts claim. The changes in the principles of work distribution brought a lot of changes in the whole system and affected the public in relation to the economic security and guarantees (Cao, Prakash, and Ward 320). Thus, today it is appropriate to use the fixed-term contracts where the terms of the work are rather short. The process is caused by the high level of the market competitiveness, and this situation contributes to creating some problems for employees when it is rather beneficial for employers. However, new tendencies in the organization of work and alternations in the labor market are important for forming a new occupational identity which is based on the more active role of the person’s individualism, developed skills, and high and effective performance. Globalization and the associated processes have led to changing the principles to discuss the work as associated with the certain place and territory. The traditional vision of the question is also inappropriate for the discussion of the social and occupational identities. The era of progressive communication technologies provide people with a lot of opportunities to choose between fixed and footloose jobs according to their own priorities, but not because of the definite national or cultural boundary. Modern employees work in the world without boundaries that is why the distributed workforce is important today to follow all the changes in the economic and labor environment immediately. Moreover, the changes in the understanding of the occupational identity also influenced the particular features of the social identity of those people migrate or live in the cities changed according to the social structures. Cao, Xun, Aseem Prakash, and Michael D. Ward. â€Å"Protecting Jobs in the Age of Globalization: Examining the Relative Salience of Social We lfare and Industrial Subsidies in OECD Countries†. International Studies Quarterly 51.1 (2007): 301–327. Print. Huws, Ursula. â€Å"Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured: Work, Identity, and the Spatial Division of Labor in the Twenty-First Century City†. Monthly Review 57.10 (2006): 1-10. Print. â€Å"The Making of a Cybertariat? Virtual Work in a Real World†. Social Register 37.1 (2001): 1-23. Print.

Financial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial analysis - Essay Example First, it would be reasonable to determine the absolute changes that occurred between different items of the financial statements. The percentage changes can then be computed to facilitate comparisons between the changes that occurred in the items of the financial statement. Comparisons of different items and financial ratios can also be determined to identify areas that have problems and might have caused a decrease in profit. The financial ratios will aid in determining the managements efficiency (Brigham and Houston, 2004). This section will entail performing several calculations to get the absolute changes, percentage changes, comparison changes, and financial ratios of different items in the financial statements. The changes will then be explained according to financial, industrial, and economic angles to try to explain the reasons behind the changes. Later in the section, various recommendations and suggestions will be made to the management in a bid to improve the financial situation of the company. The company’s revenue had a drop of 39440000 sterling pounds, resulting to a 15.46% decrease in sales. This shows that the company’s current performance was quite low from the previous year’s performance. Deeper scrutiny in this issue at hand revealed that there was a drop in the average industrial revenue of the clothing sector. This was mainly because of the economic conditions that prevail currently. The economy is currently at a recession making consumers to substitute purchasing clothes from luxury brands such those Excellent Clothing Company produce. The company is also faced with intense competition from the new entrants in the industry. The competition reduces the market share of the company resulting to a significant reduction of revenue (Retail-excellence.com). The company’s cost of goods has also had a drop 12300000 sterling pounds, resulting to a 12.71% fall in cost of revenue. This fall is due

Drug Court System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug Court System - Essay Example Hence, the introduction of various criminal justice programs to achieve this goal (James Ernest Lessenger, 2007, p. 126). The program we focus on is the Drug court system. Drug courts can be described as judicially monitored court dockets, whose aim is to handle cases involving non-violent substance abuse offenders under the juvenile, adult, tribal and family justice systems. These courts operate under a unique model where the defense, prosecution, law enforcement, social service, probation and the judiciary work as one to assist offenders recover and become valuable citizens. Drug courts were formed in 1989 when Miami-Dade County officials formulated a thorough, community based, rehabilitation, treatment, and supervisory program for drug defendants who were non-violent, to deal with increasing recidivism rates. These exceptional courts were established to incorporate treatment of drug problems into America’s criminal justice system, handling offenders with drug abuse history for their addiction, and at the same time ensuring supervision, and sanctions where necessary, from these courts (O’Hear, 2009, p. 105). The need for these courts in sentencing drug offenders arose from the dawning reality that America’s method in combating drug abuse by law enforcement strategies continued to cause a significant challenge for the country’s criminal court system. Drug related crime has continuously been an enormous burden for the American society, one whereby supply reduction techniques have unsuccessfully eliminated. Since 1989, these courts have scattered throughout America, and their movement has reflected the desire to change the focus from attempting to address drug crimes by cutting off their supply, to combating drug demand through addiction treatment. Drug courts have used criminal justice system to combat drug addictions by an integrated set of legal and social services instead of dependence on sanctions through probation or incarcerati on (O’Hear, 2009, p. 128). Drug courts have achieved success, the principal one being recidivism reduction when offenders are in the program and after. Drug courts are centered on close monitoring of offenders, with increased drug testing. These courts generate savings due to reduced prison time, reduce criminal justice expenses and reduce criminality. Offenders who have passed through this program have reduced recidivism rates than those who have not. Drug courts have demonstrated the feasibility of hiring a team based, problem solving strategy to adjudicating drug offenders in a manner that improves public safety, and criminal behavior is also reduced tremendously when offenders participate in this program (David W. Neubauer, 2010, p. 284). Several components describe the operational procedure of Drug courts, but with variation on the population of the defendant background and legal issues. In their legal framework, there are two Drug court models; post adjudication program s and deferred prosecution programs. In deferred prosecution, defendants who meet particular qualification requirements are directed towards Drug court system before pleading to a particular charge. They are expected not to plead guilty, and the ones who complete the program are not prosecuted any further, but failure to finish the program leads to prosecution. In post adjudication, defendants are supposed to plead guilty, but their