Sociology - cultural deprivation - 1612 Words

Using material from Item A and elsewhere, asses the view that working-class children under-achieve because they are culturally deprived. Cultural Deprivation Theory is an explanation of working-class (WC) underachievement in society. Cultural deprivation is WC families lacking the same values as the middle-class (MC) families. This reflects on the WC children, who, according to cultural deprivation theorist, are under stimulated compared to MC children. WC children are less likely to succeed, because they are less likely to be found in nursery schools, less likely to go to university and more likely to be poor readers when they start school, more likely to be in lower sets and streams in secondary school, more likely to leave school†¦show more content†¦Because if your parents dont motivate you or if they are unable to help you with your homework, then you have no one besides yourself to count on and to motivate yourself. And very few people is capable of that, since it is an extremely big responsibility. On top of this, there is also so many things going on in school and when you are a teenager, that you nee d an adult to sometime take charge and encourage you to do your homework and be motivated in school. Other cultural deprivation theorists take this view, saying that the lack of parental interest in their children’s education reflects the subcultural - a group whose attitudes and values differs from the mainstream culture’s - values of the working class. So according to cultural deprivation theorists, the majority of the WC have different goals, beliefs, attitudes and values from the rest of society and the education system, and this is why their children fails. As Hyman says, the working class have a self imposed barrier against education. They accept that they cant get far, and hence they dont. Sugarman takes this view further, and introduces the four key features of the WC subculture that act as a barrier to educational achievement: - Fatalism. It is a belief in fate, meaning that whatever will be, will be. I think this is an extremelyShow MoreRelatedSociology : How Human Action And Consciousness Shape The Surrounding Of Cultural And Social Culture1734 Words   |  7 PagesZygmunt Bauman once said, â€Å"The task for sociology is to come to the help of the individual. We have to be in service of freedom. It is something we have lost sight of.† This quote means the main purpose of sociology is to help people with our freedom of service, because it is something we as people lost sight of. Sociology can be defined by Dictionary.com, as the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of socialRead MoreThe Impact of social class on education1908 Words   |  8 Pagesmaterial circumstances; sub-cultural attitudes and values and the school labelling processes just to mention a few. Sociologists tend to be critical of the IQ th eory for various reasons including the factors affecting how it is measured, so in this essay, I shall therefore concentrate upon the other more sociological approaches and exclude the IQ theory. The following list of key words were essential in my argument; different methods of attainment, gender, ethnicity, cultural deficits, social statusRead MoreSocioeconomic Factors and the Health of Individuals Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesusing social and economic factors that affect health and wellbeing ( Giddens and Sutton, 2013). Cockerham (2007 p75) argues: ‘Social class or socioeconomic status (SES) is the strongest predictor of health, disease causation and longevity in medical sociology.’ Research in the 1990s, (Drever and Whitehead, 1997) found out that people in higher SES are generally healthier, and live longer than those in lower SES. The biomedical model of health has been criticised because it fails to include the psychologicalRead More Socialization and Social Stratification Essay1927 Words   |  8 Pagesthe appropriate and accepted values, attitudes and behaviours of their society. Nevertheless, separate groups exist within societies for reasons including ethnicity, class and culture and these can bring their own set of ‘norms’. Bond and Bond in Sociology and Social Care (2009 pg28) states â€Å"From the cradle to the grave we are being socialised†. Primary socialisation occurs from infancy to early adulthood. Secondary socialisation follows into the later stages of maturity. Anticipatory socialisationRead MoreCollective Behavior And Their Theories Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior and their theories. Collective behavior according to Smelser is relatively spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a group of people who are reacting to a common influence in an ambiguous situation. Another definition given in the book Sociology: Comprehensive edition indicates that collective behavior refers to relatively unplanned and relatively unstructured behavior by large numbers of individuals acting with or being influenced by other individuals. The characteristics of collectiveRead MoreEssay on Poverty and Sociology1344 Words   |  6 Pages$11,139 for an individual and $22,314 for a family of four (Censky, 2011). In sociology, poverty can be defined using two terms – relative deprivation and absolute deprivation. Relative deprivation is a comparison between people and social class. With relative deprivation, people are considered poor if their standard of living is less than that of other members of society (Ferris Stein, 2008, 2010). Absolute deprivation is an objective measure o f poverty, whereby people are considered poor becauseRead MoreProject One with Film1613 Words   |  7 Pageswoman who lives by herself in the suburbs Men are _____ as likely as women to be the victim of a violent crime. twice three times four times five times none of the above Crime and deviance are functional when they affirm cultural norms and values. create social unity. improve the economy. none of the above all of the above _____ refers to a situation in which people are unsure of how to behave because of absent, conflicting, or confusing social Read MoreM382 Exam 1study Guide Essays1036 Words   |  5 PagesExam I Study Guide 1. Definition and focus of sport sociology. a. Sociology: interaction between groups and their inherent cultures b. Sport sociology: relationship between sport and society by examining its inherent institutions (race, genders†¦) i. â€Å"Sport is a microcosm of society. It mirrors our culture† (drugs, women, scandal) 2. Definition of the following terms: c. Socialization: The process of interacting with other people and learning social customsRead MoreSocial Disorganization Theory Stemmed from The Polish Peasant in Europe and America by W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki1322 Words   |  6 Pages Many of the theories and perspectives we have in criminology and sociology today have stemmed from the infamous sociology department, otherwise known as the â€Å"Chicago School†. Its emphasis on studying people and the natural interactions they have with their surroundings has led to the extensive examination of numerous neighbourhoods within Chicago. Social disorganization theory was one of the many theories that developed from this ecological thinking. It sought to identify the social problems thatRead MoreEvaluating the View that Poverty is Caused by Economic Inequality Rather than Cultural Attitudes and Lifestyles1327 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluating the View that Poverty is Caused by Economic Inequality Rather than Cultura l Attitudes and Lifestyles There is much debate in sociology that poverty is caused by structural factors such as economic inequality and those who state that it is caused by cultural factors such as attitudes, values and lifestyles. The first group say that the poor are made to be poor by the economic and political systems, they state that the poor are prevented from achieving a good standard

Womens Economic Role in Russia Essay - 1538 Words

Women in post-Communist Russia face violent crime, high unemployment, low wages and bear most of the responsibility for domestic duties. A colossal rate of alcoholism have given Russia one of the highest proportions of widows of any nation. The vast majority of Russian women must work full time to survive. They are also expected to do the bulk of the cooking, shopping, and childcare. Yet women earn, on average, only 40 percent as much as men and are three times as likely to be unemployed. Violent crime against women, including rape and spousal abuse, has also increased. Womens participation in paid labor outside the home was one of the defining features of economic life in the former Soviet Union. Levels of womens employment†¦show more content†¦According to data from R.F. Goskomstat, in 1992-1998 the number of employed dropped from 72 million to 63 million people, and the number of unemployed (according to the definition of the International Labor Organization) rose from 4 million to 9 million, but these values had been 65.1 million and 8.7 million people, respectively, as early as November of 1999. During a period of economic decline, the employment of women declined more quickly than the employment of men (19.3 and 17.9 percent over 1992-98), but the expansion that has begun has made it possible to increase the number of female employees to a greater extent, and the gain in employment among women has been twice that of men. Nevertheless, the number of unemployed women rose by a factor of 2.2, and men by 2.4, over this period. This is explained by the fact that when there is a decline in demand for labor power, some able-bodied citizens leave the economically active population. Many researchers regard this phenomenon as a latent form of unemployment (the discouraged), that it has specific gender features. Womens educational levels continue to exceed those of men. In 1995, 20.1 percent of employed women had higher education, compared to 17 percent of employed men. Approximately 69 percent of women, compared to 65.7 percent of men, hadShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization Expansion in Russia and Japan Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesresources in a state. Some nations industrialized a while after Great Britain and were falling behind. Two of these states were Russia and Japan. These countries experienced change in governments, economic power, and social structure as a result of industrialization. Yet, these states went through their industrializations in very different ways than each other. Russia, industrialized as a result of many peasant revolts. 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Factors of Learning Leadership Pedagogy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Factors of Learning Leadership Pedagogy. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is stated to be one of the important factors of learning that everybody needs to go through. It is something that according to me enhances a persons skill and quality and makes him understand what requires in being a true leader. It allows him to identify the traits that are important in being a leader. I was unaware of many facts related to leadership before I attended the lectures on the same. The common notion about leadership for me was to lead a team, command orders and rip the benefits of a skilled team. However, it is through the lectures in which I got to know that leadership is not only about leading a team but also his true ability in influencing them towards attaining a particular set of goals. There are so many sides to a leader and his ways of doing leadership, establishing relationship with others and getting the best out of them, even in adverse situations. The ways they initiate things, make choices and behave in specific manner are something that requires proper understanding of the ways leaders function. This was mainly about gaining an insight about the history of leadership and the ways it evolved over the years. I have seen so many films that depicted leadership during the times of the kings and the queens that use to illustrate the fact that leaders have always been the ones who lead from the from and are not hesitant in taking risks. I have also learnt that the potential leaders thrive under challenging situations where they get to showcase their skills and able to perform at their best level. I have heard people saying it is important to watch and learn, but then to watch and learn one should have the proper knowledge to understand exactly what is going on. This was probably the time I observed that I know so little about such a broad topic like leadership. Various forms of leadership and their styles, the way they function and the differences in the way they behave is something that amazed me. I even got to know the several aspects of the leadership that is significant in understanding the basics of leadership. We get to know so much about the different leaders existing in the world of business like Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Larry page of Google or for in that matter Howard Schultz of Starbucks. However, it is important to understand whether these leaders have been product-centric or people-centric. This is the time I was able to connect the leaders like Steve Jobs and Barack Obama whether them being transformational or transactional. It became easy for me to understand that Steve Jobs has been transformational for his passion to drive for perfection, challenging his employees in thinking beyond the normal thought. Bill gates, the computer tycoon and the billionaire philanthropist has been a transactional leader which I found out after understanding the different traits a transactional leader should have. He is influential, strict and a confrontational taskmaster driving a high-stress environment for work. I had one mis-concept about leadership that it is only possible when someone is holding a stronger position. However, through the lectures I got to reveal that leadership is not about any position but a fiduciary calling. Not everytime, it is the position that brings out the leadership qualities within you, but the zeal to do something good for others or the community at large is what identifies a true leader. Another thing that I misinterpreted is the fact that leadership takes place only hierarchically in the organization, which is not what it is actually. Big organizations have it at different levels. After coming to terms with the different styles and forms of leadership, I try and identify myself as the kind of leader I am or I could be in future. I understand the fact that communications, motivation along with accommodation are essential features of a leader and those leaders are being termed as transformational. My strengths generally leads to the intellectual leadership character and my apprehension for the people indicates towards a stronger transformational style of leadership. I have tried and reviewed my style of leadership in the school days. I was more of people who avoided conflict through the process of communicating with the others and tried understanding their objectives, issues and associate them accordingly with the goal of the team. For avoiding conflict on various occasions by the process of accommodation and compromise, I at times forfeited the job at hand along with the mission. Since the initiation of this program, I have tried and improve on my ability of re solving conflicts and not accommodating until the situation demands it. My own observation has been that I am being more effective in the charismatic style of leadership. From the time of initiation till the end, I have tried and maintained a balanced advancement in taking care of the task along with the people. I am capable enough in convincing people for completion of the task by the process of motivating them through the process of appeal and affinity. This course has enabled me to understand that learning does not stop at any point of time. It is through this course that I have learned that leaders need to be organized; they need to set bigger visions instead of small ones for a shorter period of time. During the initial days of being a leader, people tend to struggle with lack of confidence and the organizational skills. Another issue that crops up is keeping the daily plan focused on the task. During school days, I used to take my time for granted, not setting vision for my future purpose and thinking of doing too many things in a shorter period of time. Now I understand that is not the right way to go about things. I started realizing that being organized is the foremost thing that budding leaders should do. It is not all the time that I would be thinking like others, but there is a place for me too in the world. I have understood the fact that individuals are being motivated by several stimuli. Some are being motivated by the intrinsic requirements and some of the others by the extrinsic ones. My general belief has been that great leaders are in the habit of taking their time in intimately knowing his elements and learning the things that motivates each of his subordinates. During one of my surveys in one of the organization there was a role play where I was given the opportunity to be the leader and I asked all the employees the things that motivates them the most and keeps them driving for better results. The answers to my question were all different, though surprisingly no one mentioned about the factor of more money. There was one lady who was suffering from breast cancer, I was eager to know what actually motivates her in striving for regular perfection. I have always been amazed by the things we learn about ourselves at the time of making difficult decisions. During the course of this study, I have been learning a lot of things about leadership. For instance, I have constantly had the predisposition of taking firm control of a situation, however, I have not always been conscious of the way it might impact others. For example, when being assigned with a group project, I might jump in and take out the lions share. Some of the group members do welcome this as they have to take less burden, while others might feel offended and at times undervalued too. The reflection has helped me in making a mental note of self in backing off a bit when I sense the urge in taking over the projects. As a leader, I would always prefer to take a neat along with orderly advancement of solving issues. Even during group presentations and other team works, I take into account the strengths of various individuals and position them accordingly for them to perform optimally. I try and approach conflict with diplomacy and try to see changeable perspectives while trying to determine the conflict. Interacting with others is one of the important things that good leaders do from time to time. I too am focusing on this factor in solving the issues and respect the numerous perspectives that others have been bringing to association. Assertiveness is an attribute that I have liked from my school days, being direct with the individuals or the groups when the situation calls for insolence. Under the present circumstances, I am aware of the interconnectedness existing within the organizations and be predisposed in planning and thinking ahead in anticipating the issues and devise plans accordingly. During him internship, the employees I interacted with have told me that they have found it easy and comfortable in sharing things with me and that I have been a good listener, something a good leader needs to have. Irrespective of my position I tried to understand the issues they face at workplace. As I have grown up and become matured, I have become much detail oriented. I try and focus on details and be critical of the others work and indulge them in suggesting something if they find issues in mine too. During my younger days, it was sometimes very difficult to temper my thoughts and control my emotions and notice that I was being critical at times. Over the due course of time, I have worked conscientiously in overcoming the debilitation and have perceived big strides and developments. I have noticed that at times I become way too passionate about my work and if I am being criticized for something at that point of time, I take that too much to heart. For being able to gain the required perspective, I need to work diligently in taking criticism profitably and use it for my own benefit when it comes to certain projects that I am working on. And for the factor of being overly critical or complex at times, I have focused on working in taking criticism constructively and now I am much better at that than I was during my younger days. It can be concluded that I aspire to improve on a regular basis and never give up under any circumstances. The foundations of who I want to be as a leader has already been laid and the fundamentals are being positioned accordingly. The focus for me is to regularly fine tune my leadership skills and enhance it as per the industry standards. During the course of this study it was important to reflect on the things that I was coming to terms with, something that I knew and something which I was learning for the first time. Bibliography: Clarke, S. (2016). School leadership in turbulent times and the value of negative capability.Professional Development in Education Fairhurst, G. T., Connaughton, S. L. (2014). Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), 7-35. Glauser, M., Holland, D. (2016). The Leadership Traits Shared by Successful Entrepreneurs.Entrepreneur Innovation Exchange. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Nichols, A. L. (2016). What do people desire in their leaders? The effect of leadership experience on desired leadership traits.Leadership Organization Development Journal,37(5), 658-671. Patterson, E. (2015). What are leaders experiences of reflection?What leaders and leadership developers need to know from the findings of an exploratory research study.Reflective Practice,16(5), 636-651. Pendakur, V., Furr, S. C. (2016). Critical Leadership Pedagogy: Engaging Power, Identity, and Culture in Leadership Education for College Students of Color.New Directions for Higher Education,2016(174), 45-55. Ryan, J. C., Tipu, S. A. (2013). Leadership effects on innovation propensity: A two-factor full range leadership model.Journal of Business Research,66(10), 2116-2129.